Working principle of heat-resistant steel

The working principle of heat-resistant steel mainly involves the role of alloying elements and performance at high temperatures. ‌

The role of alloying elements
Heat-resistant steel improves its performance at high temperatures by adding alloying elements to the steel. Commonly used alloying elements include chromium (Cr), molybdenum (Mo), tungsten (W), vanadium (V), titanium (Ti) and niobium (Nb). These elements affect the performance of steel in the following ways:

‌Chromium (Cr): Chromium is one of the most important alloying elements in heat-resistant steel. When the chromium content reaches about 12%, the corrosion resistance of steel in oxidizing media will be significantly improved. Chromium reacts with oxygen to form a dense chromium oxide (Cr₂O₃) layer to prevent further oxidation. ‌Molybdenum (Mo): Molybdenum can improve the high-temperature strength and heat resistance of steel, and is often used in heat-resistant steel working in high-temperature environments. ‌Tungsten (W): Tungsten can significantly improve the high-temperature strength and thermal stability of steel, and is often used to manufacture parts working at high temperatures. ‌ ‌Vanadium (V) and titanium (Ti): These elements precipitate by forming carbides or intermetallic compounds, strengthen the matrix structure, and further improve the high temperature strength of the steel.
Performance at high temperatures
The main properties of heat-resistant steel at high temperatures include:

‌Oxidation resistance: The alloying elements react with oxygen to form a dense oxide layer to prevent further oxidation.
‌High temperature strength: The alloying elements strengthen the matrix structure and improve the strength and stability of the steel at high temperatures.
‌Corrosion resistance: Some heat-resistant steels also have good corrosion resistance and can maintain stable performance in high temperatures and corrosive media.
Specific application examples
Heat-resistant steels are widely used in various equipment and parts in high temperature environments, such as:

‌Boilers and pressure vessels: Used to manufacture boilers and pressure vessels, which can work stably for a long time under high temperature and high pressure.
‌Steam turbines and power machinery: Used to manufacture components of steam turbines and power machinery to improve the high temperature performance and reliability of equipment.
Industrial furnaces and chemical equipment: used to manufacture industrial furnaces and chemical equipment, able to remain stable in high temperature and corrosive media.